The
History of the Interpretation of the Apostle Paul HIAP
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Peter M. Head [Web
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Patristic and Reformation Commentaries on
Galatians
See Lightfoot, Galatians, pp. 227-236 for brief
discussion of patristic commentators on Galatians and Souter for discussions
(but not texts) of Marius Victorinus, Ambrosiaster, Jerome, Augustine, Pelagius
on Paul generally (A. Souter, The
Earliest Latin Commentaries on the Epistles of St. Paul [Oxford: Clarendon,
1927]). Still indispensible is C.H. Turner, 'Greek Patristic Commentaries on the
Pauline Epistles' in James Hastings (ed.), A Dictionary of the Bible (Edinburgh:
T&T Clark, 1904), Extra Volume, pp. 484-532. For more bibliographical
resources see Betz, Galatians, pp.
336f; F.L. Sieffert (Meyer, 1899); and for a very full list of medieval
commentators see F. Mussner (HTKNT, 1974), pp. XI-XIV.
Some General
Resources:
Mark J. Edwards (ed.), Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture.
Volume VIII: Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians (Downer's Grove, IL:
Intervarsity Press, 1999).
W.R. Farmer, 'Galatians and the 2nd Century
Development of the regula fidei' Second Century 4(1985),
143-170.
For an attempt to use the fathers to address
a controversial issue see R.A. Harrisville III, 'Pivsti" Cristou': Witness of the Fathers' Novum Testamentum 36(1994),
233-241.
René Kieffer, Foi et justification à Antioche:
interprétation d'un conflit (Ga 2, 14-21) (LD 111; Paris: Cerf, 1982):
discusses patristic exegeses of Gal 2.14-21 from the Pseudo-clementines to
Thomas.
Earliest explicit references: Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. III.6.5; III.7.2; III.16.3;
V.21.1.
John A. Cramer, Catenae graecorum patrum (Oxford: OUP,
1844; vol. 5).
K. Staab, Pauluskommentare aus der griechischen Kirche
aus Katenenhandschriften gesammelt und herausgegeben (NTAbh 15; Münster:
Aschendorff, 1933) [containing Eusebius of Emesa, d. 359; Severianus of Gabala,
d. c. 409; Gennadius of Consantinople, d. 741; Oecumenius of Triccs, VI; Photius
of Constantinople, d. 891].
M.F. Wiles, The Divine Apostle: The Interpretation of
St. Paul's Epistles in the Early Church (Cambridge, 1967). [studies
commentaries on Paul up to Augustine]
Individual writers of
Commentaries
Tertullian (c. 160 - c. 225): Adversus Marcionem V.2-4: critique of
Marcion's edition of the Pauline Corpus which includes implicit and explicit
exegetical material.
Text and ET: E. Evans (ed.), Tertullian Adversus Marcionem (OECS;
Oxford; Clarendon, 1972; 2 vols) [vol. 2, pp. 513-535] [Also in
ANCL]
On Marcion see U. Schmid, Marcion und sein Apostolos: Rekonstruktion
und historische Einordnung der marcionitischen Paulusbriefausgabe (ANTF 25;
Berlin: de Gruyter, 1995), esp. 315-319 for reconstructed Greek text. The
classic text is A. von Harnack, Marcion:
Das Evangelium vom frmden Gott (TU 45; Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1924); partial ET:
Marcion: The Gospel of the Alien God
(ed. J.E. Steely & L.D. Bierma; Durham NC: Labyrinth, 1990). For general
orientation (and bibliog.) see P.M. Head, ‘The Foreign God and the Sudden
Christ: Theology and Christology in Marcion’s Gospel Redaction’ Tyndale Bulletin 44(1993), pp.
307-321.
Origen (185-254): wrote a commentary (now lost) on Galatians
in 15 books and 7 homilies (cf. Jerome, Ep. xxxiii ad
Paulam).
Cf. Stromateis, Book 10 (acc.
Jerome Ep. 112): contains an exposition of Galatians.
B.F. Westcott, 'Origines' in Dictionary of Christian Biography (ed.
W. Smith & H. Wace; London: J. Murray, 1887), vol. 4, pp. 96-142, p. 118 on
Galatians.
R.P.C. Hanson, Allegory and Event: A Study of the Sources
and Significance of Origen's Interpretation of Scripture (London: SCM,
1959).
K.J. Torjesen, Hermeneutical Procedure and Theological
Method in Origen's Exegesis (PTS 28; Berlin & New York: Lang,
1986).
John Chrysostom (347-407): the earliest complete commentary on
Galatians.
Text: Migne, PG 61.611-682; F. Field, Oxford,
1852.
ET: Commentary of
St. John Chrysostom, Archibishop of Constantinople, on the Epistle of St. Paul
the Apostle to the Galatians (ET G. Alexander; NPNF I.13; Grand Rapids,
1956), pp. 1-48. [An earlier ET was Oxford: J.H. Parker,
1845].
R.J. Kepple, 'Analysis of Antiochene Exegesis
of Galatians 4:24-26' West. Theol.
Jour. 39(1977), 239-249 [Chrysostom, Theodore,
Theodoret]
J. Fairweather, 'The Epistle to the Galatians
and Classical Rhetoric' Tyn. Bull.
45(1994), 1-38, 213-243.
M. Mitchell, '"A Variable and Many-sorted
Man": John Chrysostom's Treatment of Pauline Inconsistency' JECS 6(1998),
93-111.
Pelagius (written before 410)
Text: Pelagius'
Exposition of Thirteen Epistles of St. Paul (ed. A. Souter; TS 9.1-3;
Cambridge: CUP, 1922-31), vol. 2, pp. 306-43. (cf. also Souter, Earliest Latin Commentaries,
205-230).
ET: Pelagius's
Commentary on St Paul's Epistle to the Romans (ET: T. de Bruyn; OECS;
Oxford: OUP, 1993). DIV: 7 PEL.
Jerome (347-420)
Text: Migne, PL 26.331-468 (disagreement on the
extent to which this draws on Origen's lost commentary)
M.A. Schatkin, 'Influence of Origen upon St.
Jerome's Commentary on Galatians' Vig.
Chr. 24(1970), 49-58. More generally: H.F.D. Sparks, 'Jerome as Biblical
Scholar' in The Cambridge History of the
Bible (eds. P.R. Ackroyd & C.F. Evans; Cambridge: CUP, 1970), pp.
510-541; J.N.D. Kelly, Jerome: his life,
writings, and controversies (London: Duckworth, 1975).
NB correspondence with Augustine on the interpretation
of the Antioch incident (2.11-14).
R.W. Kraemer, 'Sing us a palinode: The
Controversy between Augustine and Jerome over the meaning of Galatians 2:11-14'
And Every Tongue Confess (FS N.
Nagel; eds. G. Krispin & J. Vieker; Dearborn, MI: Nagel Festschrift
Committee, 1990), 38-60.
C. White, The Correspondence (394-419), between Jerome
and Augustine of Hippo (SBEC 23; Lewiston: E. Mellen Press, 1990). UL:
44.6.c.95.202
R. Hennings, Der Briefwechsel zwischen Augustinus und
Hieronymus und ihr Streit um den Kanon des Alten Testaments und die Auslegung
von Gal. 2, 11-14 (Supp Vig Chr. 21; Leiden: Brill, 1994). UL:
P60.c.43.21
A. Fürst, Augustinus Briefwechsel mit Hieronymus
(JbAC-Erg. Bd xxix; Münster, 1999).
Joseph W. Trigg, Biblical Interpretation (Message of the Fathers of the Church
vol. 9; Wilmington, Delaware: Michael Glazier, 1988), pp. 250-95 on
"Augustine/Jerome, Correspondence." [TH:
270.08 TRI]
Theodore of Mopsuestia (350-428)
Text: H.B. Swete, Theodore of Mopsuestia on the minor Epistles
of St. Paul (Cambridge: CUP, 1880-82; 2 vols), vol. 1, pp. 1-111 (Latin text
with Greek fragments). Cf. also fragments in Staab, Pauluskommentare aus der griechischen
Kirche, pp.
113-212.
U. Wickert, Studien zu den Pauluskommentaren Theodors
von Mopsuestia als Beitrag zum Verständnis der Antiochenischen Theologie
(BZNTW 27, 1962).
Augustine (354-430)
Text: Migne, PL 35.2105-2148.
E. Plumer, 'The Influence of Marius
Victorinus on Augustine's Commentary on Galatians' Studia Patristica 33 (ed. E.
Livingstone, 1997), pp. 221-228.
Paula Fredriksen Landes, Augustine on Romans: Propositions from the
Epistle to the Romans, Unfinished commentary on the Epistle to the Romans
(SBL ECL 6; Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, c1982).
General Resources on the Early Influence of Paul (not
specific to Galatians)
D.L. Balas, 'The Use and Interpretation of
Paul in Irenaeu's Five Books Adversus
Haereses' Second Century 9(1992),
27-40.
C.K. Barrett, 'Pauline Controversies in the
Post-Pauline Period' New Testament
Studies 20(1974), pp. 235-237.
R. Bauckham, 'The Acts of Paul as a Sequel to Acts', The Book of Acts in Its Ancient Literary
Setting (BAFCS 1; eds B.W. Winter & A.D. Clarke; Carlisle: Paternoster
& Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993), pp. 105-152.
J.C. Beker, Heirs of Paul: Paul's Legacy in the New
Testament and in the Church Today (Minn.: Fortress,
1991).
J. Carleton Paget, 'Paul and the Epistle of
Barnabas', Novum Testamentum
39(1996), pp. 359-381.
M.C. de Boer, 'Images of Paul in the
Post-Apostolic Period' CBQ 42(1980),
359-380.
Peter W. Dunn, The Acts of Paul and the Pauline Legacy in
the Second Century, Cambridge PhD, 1996.
Peter W. Dunn, 'The Influence of 1
Corinthians on the Acts of Paul' Society
of Biblical Literature 1996 Seminar Papers (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996), 438-454. [from
PhD]
Peter W. Dunn, 'L'image de Paul dans les
Actes de Paul' Foi et Vie 94 (1995)
75-85. [from PhD]
P. Gorday, Principles of patristic exegesis: Romans
9-11 in Origen, John Chrysostom, and Augustine (SBEC 4; New York: Edwin
Mellen Press, 1983)
E.M. Howe, 'Interpretations of Paul in the
Acts of Paul and Thecla', Pauline
Studies (FS F.F. Bruce; eds. D.A. Hagner & M.J. Harris; Exeter:
Paternoster, 1980), pp. 33-49.
A. Lindemann, Paulus im ältesten Christentum: Das Bild des
Apostels und die Rezeption der paulinischen Theologie in der frühchristlichen
Literatur bis Marcion (BHT 58; Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1979).
A. Lindemann, 'Paul in the Writings of the
Apostlic Fathers', Paul and the Legacies
of Paul (ed. W.S. Babcock; Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press,
1990), pp. 25-45, esp. pp 29-36.
G. Luedemann, Opposition to Paul in Jewish
Christianity (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1989 [ET 'with emendations and
additions by the author' of Paulus der
Heidenapostel, vol. 2: Antipaulinismus im frühen Christentum (FRLANT 130;
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983)]
D. MacDonald, 'Apocryphal and Canonical
Narratives about Paul' in W.S. Babcock (ed.), Paul and the Legacies of Paul (Dallas:
Southern Methodist University Press, 1990), pp. 55-70.
D.R. MacDonald, The Legend and the Apostle: The Battle for
Paul in Story and Canon (Phil: Westminster, 1983).
C.M. Nielsen, 'Polycarp, Paul and the
Scriptures' Anglican Theological
Review XLVII (1965), 199-216.
R. Noormann, Irenäus als Paulusinterpret: Zur Rezeption
und Wirkung der paulinischen und deuteropaulinischen Briefe im Werk des Irenäus
von Lyon (WUNT II.66; Tübingen: JCB Mohr, 1994).
R.A. Norris, 'Irenaeus' Use of Paul in His
Polemic Against the Gnostics' in W.S. Babcock (ed.), Paul and the Legacies of Paul (Dallas:
Southern Methodist University Press, 1990), pp. 79-98.
E.H. Pagels, The Gnostic Paul: Gnostic Exegesis of the
Pauline Letters (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975).
H. Rathke, Ignatius von Antiochen und die
Paulusbriefe (TU XCIX; Leipzig, 1967).
Willy Rordorf, 'Paul's Conversion in the
Canonical Acts and in the Acts of Paul', Semeia 80 (1997) 137-158: author of the
Acts of Paul knows Galatians, but not the Book of Acts.
D. Trobisch, Paul's Letter Collection: Tracing the
Origins (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994): basically an english summary of Die Entstehung der Paulusbriefsammlung:
Studien zu den Anfängen christlicher Publizistik (NTOA 10; Göttingen:
Vandenhock & Ruprecht, 1989). Cf. also Die Endredaktion des Neuen Testaments: Eine
Untersuchung zur Entstehung der christlichen Bibel (NTOA 31; Göttingen:
Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1996).
Thomas Aquinas
(d.
1274)
Commentary on Saint Paul's Epistle to the
Galatians (ET F.R. Larcher;
Albany: Magi, 1966).
Text: Opera
Omnia (vol. 13; Parma: Fiaccador, 1862), pp. 383-442.
E. Rogers (?), 'Paul as Professor of
Theology: The Image of the Apostle in St Thomas' Theology' The Thomist 38 (1977),
584-605.
S. Fowl, The Theological Interpretation of Scripture:
Classic & Contemporary Readings, pp320-37. [selections from Aquinas'
commentary on Romans 9-11]
Thomas Domanyi, Der Romerbriefkommentar des Thomas von
Aquin: Ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung seiner Auslegungsmethoden, (Basler und
Berner Studien zur historischen und systematischen Theologie, Vol 39,
1979).
ET of Aquinas' commentary on Romans in
preparation by Stephen Boguslawski
Desiderius Erasmus (d. 1536), Annotations
ET: Paraphrases
on Romans and Galatians (ed. Robert D. Sider; ET J.B. Payne et al.; University of Toronto; vol. 42
of Collected Works, Toronto: UTP,
1984). UL: 61:29.b.95.187
Orig.: Des.
Erasmi Roterodami In Novum Testamentum annotationes (Basiliae: Froben,
1535).
Text: Erasmus'
annotations on the New Testament: Galatians to the Apocalypse: facsimile of the
final Latin text with all earlier variants (ed. Anne Reeve; Intro by M.A.
Screech; SHCT 52; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1993). UL:
47:01.c.27.52
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Lectures given from Oct 27 1516 to March 13
1517
Luthers Vorlesung über den Galaterbrief
1516/17 (ed. H. von
Schubert; AHAWPH 5; Heidelberg: Winter, 1918).
Lectures given in 1518-1519 (pub. 1519, 2nd
ed. 1523)
Lectures on Galatians, 1519, Chapters 1-6.
in Luther's Works (ed. J. Pelikan; Saint
Louis: Concordia, 1955-1976; 55 vols); vol. 27, pp.
151-410.
Lectures given in 1531 (pub. by G. Rörer in
1535)
Lectures on Galatians, 1535, Chapters
1-4. in Luther's Works (ed. J. Pelikan; Saint
Louis: Concordia, 1955-1976; 55 vols); vol 26; and Lectures on Galatians, 1535, Chapters 5-6;
in vol. 27, pp. 1-150.
A
Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians (ed. P. S. Watson; London: Clark, 1953, 1956).
K. Hagen, Luther's Approach to Scripture as Seen in
His Commentaries on Galatians, 1519-1538 (Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Siebeck),
1993). UL: 61:24.c.95.146
R. Kolb, 'The Influence of Luther's Galatians
Commentary of 1535 on Later Sixteenth-Century Lutheran Commentaries on
Galatians' Archiv für
Reformationsgeschichte 84(1993), 156-184.
I.J. Hesselink, 'Luther and Calvin on law and
gospel in their Galatians Commentaries' Reformed Review 37(1984),
69-82.
T.D. Parker, 'Interpretation of Scripture
(Comparison of Calvin and Luther on Galatians)' Interpretation 17(1963),
61-75.
H. Bluhm, Luther translator of Paul: studies in Romans and
Galatians (New York: P.
Lang, c1984). UL: 31:2.c.95.87
H. Kleinknecht, Gemeinschaft ohne Bedingungen: Kirche und
Rechtfertigung in Luthers grosser Galaterbrief-Vorlesung von 1531 (CTM
BST&K 7; Stuttgart: Calwer, c1981). UL: 47:01.c.37.7
Wilhelm Pauck, Luther: Lectures on Romans newly translated
and edited by Wilhelm Pauck (Library of Christian Classics Vol XV; London:
SCM, 1961; ET from Luthers
Römerbriefvorlesung [ed. Johannes Ficker; Wiemar vol. 56). TH: 278.322
LUT.63
Jean Calvin (1509-1564)
ET: The Epistle
of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians (ET T.H.L. Parker; Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1965, and later reprints). [Earlier ET by W. Pringle; Calvin Trans.
Soc., 1854).
Orig.: Commentarii in quatuor Pauli Epistolas
(Genevae : per Ioannem Girardum, 1548).
Text: Commentarius in Epistolam ad Galatas (Corpus Reformatorum 78; Brunswick: Schwetschke, 1893). Also: Commentarii in Pauli Epistolas ad Galatas, ad Ephesios, ad Philippenses, ad Colossenses (Ioannis Calvini Opera omnia. Series 2, Opera exegetica Veteris et Novi Testamenti; 16; ed. H. Feld; Geneva: Droz, 1992).
T.H.L. Parker, Calvin's New Testament Commentaries
(Edniburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1993, 2nd.)
John Calvin, Sermons on Galatians (ET [from French]
K. Childress; Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1997).
John Locke (1632-1704), A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians (ed. A.W. Wainwright; Oxford: Clarendon, 1987; 2 vols). UL: 180.c.97.398-
Prepared by P.M. Head (12.10.2000)
More items:
Daniel Rodney
Bechtel, The Exegesis of Galatians
2:14-21 by the Early Greek Fathers and the Major Recent Commentators
(unpublished PhD, UMI no. 6413177)
W. B. West, Jr.
Ante-Nicene Exegesis of Romans and Galatians. (not available at
UMI)
William A. Perkins
The
History of the Interpretation of the Apostle Paul HIAP
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